內建元件
註冊和用法
內建元件可以直接在模板中使用,無需註冊。它們也是可搖樹的:只有在使用時才會包含在構建中。
當在 渲染函式中使用時,需要顯式匯入。例如
js
import { h, Transition } from 'vue'
h(Transition, {
/* props */
})
<Transition>
為單個元素或元件提供動畫過渡效果。
屬性
tsinterface TransitionProps { /** * Used to automatically generate transition CSS class names. * e.g. `name: 'fade'` will auto expand to `.fade-enter`, * `.fade-enter-active`, etc. */ name?: string /** * Whether to apply CSS transition classes. * Default: true */ css?: boolean /** * Specifies the type of transition events to wait for to * determine transition end timing. * Default behavior is auto detecting the type that has * longer duration. */ type?: 'transition' | 'animation' /** * Specifies explicit durations of the transition. * Default behavior is wait for the first `transitionend` * or `animationend` event on the root transition element. */ duration?: number | { enter: number; leave: number } /** * Controls the timing sequence of leaving/entering transitions. * Default behavior is simultaneous. */ mode?: 'in-out' | 'out-in' | 'default' /** * Whether to apply transition on initial render. * Default: false */ appear?: boolean /** * Props for customizing transition classes. * Use kebab-case in templates, e.g. enter-from-class="xxx" */ enterFromClass?: string enterActiveClass?: string enterToClass?: string appearFromClass?: string appearActiveClass?: string appearToClass?: string leaveFromClass?: string leaveActiveClass?: string leaveToClass?: string }
活動
@before-enter
@before-leave
@enter
@leave
@appear
@after-enter
@after-leave
@after-appear
@enter-cancelled
@leave-cancelled
(v-show
僅限)@appear-cancelled
示例
簡單元素
template<Transition> <div v-if="ok">toggled content</div> </Transition>
透過更改
key
屬性強制過渡template<Transition> <div :key="text">{{ text }}</div> </Transition>
動態元件,具有過渡模式 + 在出現時動畫
template<Transition name="fade" mode="out-in" appear> <component :is="view"></component> </Transition>
監聽過渡事件
template<Transition @after-enter="onTransitionComplete"> <div v-show="ok">toggled content</div> </Transition>
另請參閱 指南 - Transition
<TransitionGroup>
為列表中的多個元素或元件提供過渡效果。
屬性
<TransitionGroup>
接受與<Transition>
相同的屬性,除了mode
,還增加了兩個額外的屬性tsinterface TransitionGroupProps extends Omit<TransitionProps, 'mode'> { /** * If not defined, renders as a fragment. */ tag?: string /** * For customizing the CSS class applied during move transitions. * Use kebab-case in templates, e.g. move-class="xxx" */ moveClass?: string }
活動
<TransitionGroup>
觸發與<Transition>
相同的事件。細節
預設情況下,
<TransitionGroup>
不會渲染包裝DOM元素,但可以透過tag
屬性定義一個。請注意,
<transition-group>
中的每個子元素都必須是 唯一鍵的,以便動畫能正常工作。<TransitionGroup>
支援透過CSS轉換移動過渡。當子元素在更新後螢幕上的位置發生變化時,它將獲得一個移動CSS類(自動從name
屬性生成或透過move-class
屬性配置)。如果當移動類應用時,CSStransform
屬性是 "可過渡的",則元素將透過使用 FLIP 技術平滑地動畫化到其目的地。示例
template<TransitionGroup tag="ul" name="slide"> <li v-for="item in items" :key="item.id"> {{ item.text }} </li> </TransitionGroup>
另請參閱 指南 - TransitionGroup
<KeepAlive>
快取動態切換的元件。
屬性
tsinterface KeepAliveProps { /** * If specified, only components with names matched by * `include` will be cached. */ include?: MatchPattern /** * Any component with a name matched by `exclude` will * not be cached. */ exclude?: MatchPattern /** * The maximum number of component instances to cache. */ max?: number | string } type MatchPattern = string | RegExp | (string | RegExp)[]
細節
當圍繞動態元件包裹時,
<KeepAlive>
快取不活動的元件例項而不銷燬它們。在任何時候,
<KeepAlive>
的直接子代只能有一個活動元件例項。當元件在
<KeepAlive>
內切換時,其activated
和deactivated
生命週期鉤子將被相應地呼叫,這為mounted
和unmounted
提供了替代方案,後者不會被呼叫。這適用於<KeepAlive>
的直接子元素以及所有其後代。示例
基本用法
template<KeepAlive> <component :is="view"></component> </KeepAlive>
當與
v-if
/v-else
分支一起使用時,每次只能渲染一個元件template<KeepAlive> <comp-a v-if="a > 1"></comp-a> <comp-b v-else></comp-b> </KeepAlive>
與
<Transition>
一起使用template<Transition> <KeepAlive> <component :is="view"></component> </KeepAlive> </Transition>
使用
include
/exclude
template<!-- comma-delimited string --> <KeepAlive include="a,b"> <component :is="view"></component> </KeepAlive> <!-- regex (use `v-bind`) --> <KeepAlive :include="/a|b/"> <component :is="view"></component> </KeepAlive> <!-- Array (use `v-bind`) --> <KeepAlive :include="['a', 'b']"> <component :is="view"></component> </KeepAlive>
與
max
一起使用template<KeepAlive :max="10"> <component :is="view"></component> </KeepAlive>
另請參閱 指南 - KeepAlive
<Teleport>
將插槽內容渲染到 DOM 的另一部分。
屬性
tsinterface TeleportProps { /** * Required. Specify target container. * Can either be a selector or an actual element. */ to: string | HTMLElement /** * When `true`, the content will remain in its original * location instead of moved into the target container. * Can be changed dynamically. */ disabled?: boolean /** * When `true`, the Teleport will defer until other * parts of the application have been mounted before * resolving its target. (3.5+) */ defer?: boolean }
示例
指定目標容器
template<Teleport to="#some-id" /> <Teleport to=".some-class" /> <Teleport to="[data-teleport]" />
條件停用
template<Teleport to="#popup" :disabled="displayVideoInline"> <video src="./my-movie.mp4"> </Teleport>
延遲目標解析
template<Teleport defer to="#late-div">...</Teleport> <!-- somewhere later in the template --> <div id="late-div"></div>
另請參閱 指南 - Teleport
<Suspense>
用於在元件樹中編排巢狀的非同步依賴項。
屬性
tsinterface SuspenseProps { timeout?: string | number suspensible?: boolean }
活動
@resolve
@pending
@fallback
細節
<Suspense>
接受兩個插槽:預設插槽#default
和後備插槽#fallback
。它將在記憶體中渲染預設插槽時顯示後備插槽的內容。如果在渲染預設插槽時遇到非同步依賴項(非同步元件 和具有
async setup()
的元件),它將等待所有這些依賴項都解析完畢後再顯示預設插槽。透過將 Suspense 設定為
suspensible
,所有非同步依賴項的處理將由父級 Suspense 處理。請參閱 實現細節另請參閱 指南 - Suspense